Which of the following is NOT a component of protective measures for radioactive materials?

Encapsulation is not typically considered a direct protective measure for managing exposure to radioactive materials in the context of immediate protective actions. While encapsulation can be relevant in certain scenarios, such as the containment of radioactive materials to prevent leakage, it does not actively protect individuals from exposure during urgent situations like evacuation or shielding would.

In contrast, evacuation is a critical measure used to remove people from potentially hazardous areas where radioactive exposure may occur. Distance is another important protective strategy, as increasing the distance from a radioactive source reduces exposure to radiation according to the inverse square law. Shielding involves placing a material between the source of radiation and individuals to absorb or block the radiation, which is a fundamental method of protection in radiation safety practices.